新疆西北部农户种植决策的Logistic模型分析*——以伊犁河谷察布查尔县为例

[目的]农户种植决策是诱发农业结构调整的微观基础,研究农户种植决策的影响因素,不仅有利于了解农业种植结构,也对该区域推进和深化农业结构调整,实现农业产业化、现代化具有重要的意义。[方法]文章基于新疆察布查尔县21个行政村228户农户的问卷调查数据,应用Logistic模型,从农户家庭特征、个体特征、生产特征及收入特征等4个方面实证分析了影响农户种植决策的主要因素。[结果]对农户种植决策行为影响显著的因素有家庭总人口、耕地面积、地形部位、总收入等,其中,耕地面积和地形部位对农户种植意愿有显著正向影响,而家庭总人口和总收入对农户种植意愿有显著负向影响;常年从事农业劳动人数、户主文化水平、地块位置、地块总数以及对于农业技术服务态度没有通过检验,无法得出这几个变量与农户种植决策之间的关系。[结论]影响农户种植决策的因素除耕地面积、总收入、家庭总人口及地形部位外,还会受到政策、农户自身种植习惯、农业技术等影响,农户对农业技术知识的匮乏是影响该县农业结构调整的主要原因     

农户生物菌肥购买意愿及行为的影响因素研究*——基于山东省设施菜农的调研数据

[目的]生物菌肥对于土壤改良、环境改善、食品安全具有重要意义,但目前生物菌肥在整个肥料产业中所占份额较小,迫切需要探讨如何从农户角度提高生物菌肥的施用比例。[方法]基于设施蔬菜农户的数据,构建Bivariate Probit模型,对农户生物菌肥的购买意愿和行为的影响因素进行比较研究。[结果]农户的生物菌肥购买意愿和行为总体上呈现一致性,愿意购买的农户中有97. 77%的农户具有实际的购买行为;但两者的影响因素有所差异,从差异因素来看,质量安全检测对购买意愿具有显著的正向影响,但对购买行为的影响并不显著;农户文化程度、种植年限、对无公害、绿色、有机蔬菜的了解程度,经销商推荐,施肥指导对购买行为具有显著的正向影响。从共同因素来看,生态环境认知变量对购买意愿和购买行为影响不显著。[结论]要推广生物菌肥,需要进一步加强质量安全检测体系对农业行为的约束性,提升经销商的规范经营意识,采用集中招标等灵活的价格政策,提升农户的生态技能,并在保护生态环境方面出台更完善的农业绿色发展政策。     

Testing for cointegration with threshold effect between unemployment and stock prices

Under the dominant role of a belief function, Farmer argues that the stock market is the Granger cause of the unemployment rate, which implies that the natural rate hypothesis is an outdated idea. This article provides some new empirical evidence supporting this view using threshold cointegration and asymmetric error correction models. The results show that these models can assess asymmetric dynamics between unemployment and the stock market. Moreover, regime switches of the momentum threshold autoregressive adjustment specification are highly consistent with recessions in the US economy during the last 60 years.     

The price of fear: Estimating the financial cost of bullying and harassment to the NHS in England

Using a spectrum of measures, this paper estimates some of the financial costs of bullying and harassment to the NHS in England. By means of specific impacts resulting from bullying and harassment to staff health, sickness absence costs to the employer, employee turnover, diminished productivity, sickness presenteeism, compensation, litigation and industrial relations costs, we conservatively estimate bullying and harassment to cost the taxpayer £2.281 billion per annum.     

要素结构与技术进步方向——来自中国城市“撤县设区”的证据

本文基于1997—2010年267个地级及以上城市市辖区面板数据，运用标准化供给面系统方法测算了市级层面的技术进步方向，并借助“撤县设区”这一自然实验，利用工具变量法实证检验了要素结构变动对技术进步方向的影响，研究发现：（1)“撤县设区”使得资本—劳动比上升，进而导致技术进步方向偏向于资本，符合偏向型技术进步的“弱诱导偏向型假说”；（2)“撤县设区”对资本偏向型技术进步的影响是有条件的，主要限于资本—劳动替代弹性大于1即资本—劳动呈替代关系的地区；（3)相比于中西部地区，东部地区资本要素更为丰富，因而“撤县设区”显著提高了东部地区的资本—劳动比，使其技术进步方向偏向资本。     

Copper trade and production of copper,brass and bronze goods in the Oldenburg monarchy: copperworks and copper users in the eighteenth century

This paper explores trade connections – or the lack of such – between copperworks and copper processing plants in the Oldenburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century. Domestic customs areas, high tariffs on raw material export and import bans sought to encourage domestic copper and brass goods production of Norwegian copper raw material, however this was only realised halfway. The raw material from Norway was largely exported, and copper and brass materials used to produce copper-, brass and bronze goods were imported from all over the world. The copperworks and processing plants in the Monarchy never became strongly integrated due to several reasons. First, shareholders of copperworks acquired favourable credit deals abroad, and preferred to export the copper, and second, copper materials had different features and processing plants used all sorts of copper inputs in the making of goods, not only copper raw material. Norway produced mostly gar copper, so copper plants and coppersmiths had to turn elsewhere for other types of copper. Production of copper and brass goods increased, but did not meet the domestic demand partly due to a strong foreign competition. The optimal goal of ‘mercantilist theory’ regarding copper and brass import substitution was not reached.     

中国海外耕地投资的区位特征及其影响因素*——基于2000—2016年土地矩阵网络数据

［目的］分析中国海外耕地投资的区位特征及其影响因素，以促进我国海外耕地投资的合理布局，提高农业投资效率。［方法］以2000—2016年中国137宗海外耕地投资项目及其所涉及的35个东道国作为研究样本，运用Spearman相关分析方法，分别以耕地投资面积和耕地投资项目数量作因变量，研究其与各影响因素的相关关系，并用对应分析法进一步探究各东道国的相对优势。［结果］（1）我国海外耕地投资区域集中在东南亚且由周边国家向外扩展，被投资耕地用途多样，投资规模自2004年开始急剧上升，近年来呈下降趋势。（2）我国海外耕地投资以效率寻求型和市场寻求型为主，倾向于资源丰富、与我国距离较近、制度相似、经济关系良好但发展水平不高的国家。（3）根据各地区的比较优势，亚洲国家适合效率寻求型和市场寻求型的企业投资，欧洲和美洲国家适合资源寻求型和战略资产寻求型的企业投资，非洲国家适合资源寻求型、效率寻求型和市场寻求型的企业投资。［结论］中国农业企业应结合企业投资目标和各地区的比较优势，合理选择投资区位，适时转变投资策略与模式，积极防范海外耕地投资过程中的自然风险、政治环境风险和道德风险等，以提高投资效果。     

互联网平台下商业模式创新的路径、经验和启示

互联网经济快速发展,基于互联网平台的企业创新行为具有鲜明的特色。纵向研究了三家企业的创新过程,发现互联网环境下,企业商业模式创新有三个特点:以客户为中心的战略准则,价值创造由企业转向客户;企业打破边界,加强合作伙伴之间的协同和柔性,大幅提高创新效率;企业提高管理不确定的能力,领导者、企业文化、管理模式帮助企业应对不确定性。同时,提出当前创新模式存在核心技术缺乏、生产端缺乏创新的潜在风险,并提出创新发展的建议:加强生产端互联网的建设,提高创新质量;深化完善商业生态系统建设,提高商业系统整体的创新能力。     

New development: A new COFOG for South Korea

The South Korean government's Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG) is grounded in the System of National Accounts (SNA), rather than Government Finance Statistics (GFS). This article explains why a GFS-based classification might be beneficial to South Korea for the purposes of fiscal management and the comparison of government expenditures with other countries.